Blog Topics: App Architecture
Architecture Fundamentals
- MVC in iOS: Still relevant? - Modern interpretation
- MVVM basics - ViewModel, binding, separation
- MVP pattern explained - Presenter vs ViewModel
- VIPER architecture - When it makes sense
- Clean Architecture for iOS - Layers, boundaries
- The Composable Architecture (TCA) - Overview and trade-offs
- Unidirectional data flow - Redux-like patterns in Swift
- Choosing an architecture - Decision framework
- Architecture vs over-engineering - Right-sizing your approach
- Refactoring legacy MVC - Incremental improvements
Modular Design
- Monolith to modules: Why modularize - Benefits, costs
- Feature modules explained - Boundaries and dependencies
- Shared modules: Core, UI, Networking - Common abstractions
- Module communication patterns - Protocols, notifications, delegates
- Dependency graph visualization - Keeping it clean
- Swift Package Manager for modular apps - Local packages
- Framework vs Package vs Target - Choosing the right unit
- Build times and modularity - Incremental compilation wins
- Testing modules in isolation - Mock boundaries
- Demo apps for modules - Independent development
Dependency Management
- Dependency Injection basics - Constructor, property, method
- DI containers in Swift - Swinject, Factory, DIY
- Protocol-based dependencies - Testable by design
- Environment-based DI in SwiftUI - @Environment patterns
- Service Locator vs DI - Trade-offs
- Circular dependencies: How to break them - Refactoring strategies
- Lazy dependency resolution - Performance considerations
- Scoped dependencies - Per-screen, per-session
- Mocking dependencies for previews - SwiftUI previews
- Compile-time vs runtime DI - Type safety trade-offs
Testing Architecture
- Unit testing basics - XCTest fundamentals
- Testing ViewModels - Inputs, outputs, state
- Testing async code - Expectations, async/await
- Mocking network layers - URLProtocol, mock services
- Snapshot testing - UI regression prevention
- Integration testing - Testing real dependencies
- UI testing strategies - When and how
- Test doubles: Mock vs Stub vs Fake vs Spy - Definitions
- Testing Core Data - In-memory stores
- Test coverage: What to aim for - Quality over quantity
Clean Code
- SOLID principles in Swift - Practical examples
- Single Responsibility Principle - One reason to change
- Open/Closed Principle - Extensions over modifications
- Liskov Substitution Principle - Protocol conformance
- Interface Segregation - Small, focused protocols
- Dependency Inversion - Abstractions over concretions
- DRY vs WET vs AHA - Duplication trade-offs
- Code smells in Swift - Common anti-patterns
- Refactoring safely - Small steps, tests first
- Naming conventions - Clarity over brevity
Data Layer
- Repository pattern - Abstracting data sources
- Data mappers - DTO to domain models
- Caching strategies - Memory, disk, network
- Offline-first architecture - Local-first sync
- CoreData in clean architecture - Keeping it contained
- SwiftData architecture - Modern persistence
- Keychain abstraction - Secure storage wrapper
- UserDefaults wrapper - Type-safe preferences
- File storage patterns - Documents, caches, temp
- Database migrations - Safe schema changes
Networking Layer
- Network layer abstraction - Protocol-based design
- API client patterns - Generic request handling
- Request/Response models - Codable best practices
- Error handling in network layer - Typed errors
- Authentication handling - Token refresh, retry
- Request interceptors - Logging, headers, auth
- Pagination patterns - Cursor, offset, infinite scroll
- Caching network responses - URLCache, custom cache
- Retry logic - Exponential backoff
- Network reachability - NWPathMonitor patterns
Navigation Patterns
- Coordinator pattern - Flow management
- Router pattern - Centralized navigation
- Deep linking architecture - URL handling
- NavigationStack programmatic navigation - Path-based
- Sheet and modal coordination - Presentation management
- Tab-based navigation architecture - State preservation
- Navigation state restoration - Persist and restore
- Universal links handling - Associated domains
- Push notification navigation - Handling taps
- Onboarding flow architecture - First-run experience
State Management
- App state vs View state - Separation of concerns
- Global state patterns - When it’s okay
- State machines for complex flows - Finite states
- Redux-like state in Swift - Actions, reducers, store
- Combine for state management - Publishers and subjects
- @Observable for shared state - iOS 17+ patterns
- Undo/Redo architecture - Command pattern
- Optimistic updates - UI before confirmation
- State synchronization - Multi-screen consistency
- Persisting app state - Scene restoration
Advanced Patterns
- Plugin architecture - Extensible apps
- Feature flags architecture - Runtime configuration
- A/B testing infrastructure - Experiment framework
- Analytics abstraction - Provider-agnostic tracking
- Logging architecture - Levels, destinations, formatting
- Error reporting abstraction - Crashlytics, Sentry wrapper
- Background processing architecture - BGTaskScheduler
- Widget architecture - Sharing code with main app
- App extensions architecture - Share, Today, Intents
- Multi-platform architecture - iOS, macOS, watchOS sharing